进制转换的基础知识这里不多做解释，不清楚的翻一翻数学课本。在工业控制中，经常用到各种进制转换，单片机的二进制控制引脚高低电平，PLC的16进制串口数据传输等等，所以我们有必要弄清楚各种进制转换，下面C#方法搜集自网络。
注意：在转换时一定要区分字符与数字，特别是中文，不同编码方式占用的字节数量不一样，导致转换16进制位数不同！
数字转换
Convert类中定义了相关转换方法
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// // 摘要: // 将 32 位带符号整数的值转换为其指定基的等效字符串表示形式。 // // 参数: // value: // 要转换的 32 位带符号整数。 // // toBase: // 返回值的基数，必须是 2、8、10 或 16。 // // 返回结果: // 以 toBase 为基数的 value 的字符串表示形式。 // // 异常: // T:System.ArgumentException: // toBase 不是 2、8、10 或 16。 [SecuritySafeCritical] public static string ToString(int value, int toBase);
实例
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//十进制转二进制字符串 Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(0, 2)); Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(3, 2));
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// // 摘要: // 将指定基数的数字的字符串表示形式转换为等效的 32 位有符号整数。 // // 参数: // value: // 包含要转换的数字的字符串。 // // fromBase: // value 中数字的基数，它必须是 2、8、10 或 16。 // // 返回结果: // 与 value 中数字等效的 32 位带符号整数，如果 value 为 null，则为 0（零）。 // // 异常:省略 public static int ToInt32(string value, int fromBase);
实例
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//二进制转十进制
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToInt32("00", 2));
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToInt32("01", 2));
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToInt32("11", 2));字符串转换
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/// <summary>
/// 将指定进制的字符串，转换成十进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="source">字符串</param>
/// <param name="number">进制数</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static int ConvertFromN(string source, int fromBase)
{
char[] list = source.ToCharArray();
var r = 0;
for (int i = list.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
int value = Convert.ToInt32(list[i].ToString());
r += (int)Math.Pow(fromBase, list.Length - i - 1) * value;
}
return r;
}实例
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//二进制
Console.WriteLine(ConvertFromN("00", 2));//0
Console.WriteLine(ConvertFromN("11", 2));//3
//三进制
Console.WriteLine(ConvertFromN("010", 3));//3
Console.WriteLine(ConvertFromN("110", 3));//12下面是网友们自己手写的算法
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/// <summary>
/// 十进制转换为二进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string DecToBin(string x)
{
string z = null;
int X = Convert.ToInt32(x);
int i = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%2;
X = X/2;
b = b + a*Pow(10, i);
i++;
}
z = Convert.ToString(b);
return z;
}
/// <summary>
/// 16进制转ASCII码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string HexToAscii(string hexString)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i <= hexString.Length - 2; i += 2)
{
sb.Append(
Convert.ToString(
Convert.ToChar(Int32.Parse(hexString.Substring(i, 2),
System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber))));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 十进制转换为八进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string DecToOtc(string x)
{
string z = null;
int X = Convert.ToInt32(x);
int i = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%8;
X = X/8;
b = b + a*Pow(10, i);
i++;
}
z = Convert.ToString(b);
return z;
}
/// <summary>
/// 十进制转换为十六进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string DecToHex(string x)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(x))
{
return "0";
}
string z = null;
int X = Convert.ToInt32(x);
Stack a = new Stack();
int i = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a.Push(Convert.ToString(X%16));
X = X/16;
i++;
}
while (a.Count != 0)
z += ToHex(Convert.ToString(a.Pop()));
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(z))
{
z = "0";
}
return z;
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制转换为十进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string BinToDec(string x)
{
string z = null;
int X = Convert.ToInt32(x);
int i = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%10;
X = X/10;
b = b + a*Pow(2, i);
i++;
}
z = Convert.ToString(b);
return z;
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制转换为十进制，定长转换
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <param name="iLength"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string BinToDec(string x, short iLength)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int iCount = 0;
iCount = x.Length/iLength;
if (x.Length%iLength > 0)
{
iCount += 1;
}
int X = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iCount; i++)
{
if ((i + 1)*iLength > x.Length)
{
X = Convert.ToInt32(x.Substring(i*iLength, (x.Length - iLength)));
}
else
{
X = Convert.ToInt32(x.Substring(i*iLength, iLength));
}
int j = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%10;
X = X/10;
b = b + a*Pow(2, j);
j++;
}
sb.AppendFormat("{0:D2}", b);
}
return sb.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制转换为十六进制，定长转换
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <param name="iLength"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string BinToHex(string x, short iLength)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int iCount = 0;
iCount = x.Length/iLength;
if (x.Length%iLength > 0)
{
iCount += 1;
}
int X = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iCount; i++)
{
if ((i + 1)*iLength > x.Length)
{
X = Convert.ToInt32(x.Substring(i*iLength, (x.Length - iLength)));
}
else
{
X = Convert.ToInt32(x.Substring(i*iLength, iLength));
}
int j = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%10;
X = X/10;
b = b + a*Pow(2, j);
j++;
}
//前补0
sb.Append(DecToHex(b.ToString()));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 八进制转换为十进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string OctToDec(string x)
{
string z = null;
int X = Convert.ToInt32(x);
int i = 0;
long a, b = 0;
while (X > 0)
{
a = X%10;
X = X/10;
b = b + a*Pow(8, i);
i++;
}
z = Convert.ToString(b);
return z;
}
/// <summary>
/// 十六进制转换为十进制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string HexToDec(string x)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(x))
{
return "0";
}
string z = null;
Stack a = new Stack();
int i = 0, j = 0, l = x.Length;
long Tong = 0;
while (i < l)
{
a.Push(ToDec(Convert.ToString(x[i])));
i++;
}
while (a.Count != 0)
{
Tong = Tong + Convert.ToInt64(a.Pop())*Pow(16, j);
j++;
}
z = Convert.ToString(Tong);
return z;
}
#endregion //Helperfunctions
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <param name="y"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static long Pow(long x, long y)
{
int i = 1;
long X = x;
if (y == 0)
return 1;
while (i < y)
{
x = x*X;
i++;
}
return x;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string ToDec(string x)
{
switch (x)
{
case "A":
return "10";
case "B":
return "11";
case "C":
return "12";
case "D":
return "13";
case "E":
return "14";
case "F":
return "15";
default:
return x;
}
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string ToHex(string x)
{
switch (x)
{
case "10":
return "A";
case "11":
return "B";
case "12":
return "C";
case "13":
return "D";
case "14":
return "E";
case "15":
return "F";
default:
return x;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 将16进制BYTE数组转换成16进制字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ToHexString(byte[] bytes) // 0xae00cf => "AE00CF "
{
string hexString = string.Empty;
if (bytes != null)
{
StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
{
strB.Append(bytes[i].ToString("X2"));
}
hexString = strB.ToString();
}
return hexString;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes"></param>
/// <param name="iLength"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ToHexString(byte[] bytes, int iLength) // 0xae00cf => "AE00CF "
{
string hexString = string.Empty;
if (bytes != null)
{
StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();
if (bytes.Length < iLength)
{
iLength = bytes.Length;
}
for (int i = 0; i < iLength; i++)
{
strB.Append(bytes[i].ToString("X2"));
}
hexString = strB.ToString();
}
return hexString;
}
/// <summary>
/// 将byte数组转换为16进制字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes">要转换的数组</param>
/// <param name="iStart">数组下标</param>
/// <param name="iLength">长度</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string ToHexString(byte[] bytes, int iStart, int iLength) // 0xae00cf => "AE00CF "
{
string hexString = string.Empty;
if (bytes != null)
{
StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();
//缓冲区长度问题，需清空缓冲区
if (bytes.Length < (iLength + iStart))
{
iLength = bytes.Length;
}
for (int i = iStart; i < iLength + iStart; i++)
{
strB.Append(bytes[i].ToString("X2"));
}
hexString = strB.ToString();
}
return hexString;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexString"></param>
/// <param name="discarded"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] GetBytes(string hexString, out int discarded)
{
discarded = 0;
string newString = "";
char c;
// remove all none A-F, 0-9, characters
for (int i = 0; i < hexString.Length; i++)
{
c = hexString[i];
if (Uri.IsHexDigit(c))
newString += c;
else
discarded++;
}
// if odd number of characters, discard last character
if (newString.Length%2 != 0)
{
discarded++;
newString = newString.Substring(0, newString.Length - 1);
}
return HexToByte(newString);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts from binary coded decimal to integer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="num"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static uint BcdToDec(uint num)
{
return HornerScheme(num, 0x10, 10);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts from integer to binary coded decimal
/// </summary>
/// <param name="num"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static uint DecToBcd(uint num)
{
return HornerScheme(num, 10, 0x10);
}
private static uint HornerScheme(uint num, uint divider, uint factor)
{
uint remainder = 0, quotient = 0, result = 0;
remainder = num%divider;
quotient = num/divider;
if (!(quotient == 0 && remainder == 0))
result += HornerScheme(quotient, divider, factor)*factor + remainder;
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// byte数组尾部0截取函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buf">原始byte数组</param>
/// <param name="iLength">要截取的长度</param>
/// <returns>截取后的数组</returns>
public static byte[] InterceptByte(byte[] buf, int iLength)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(iLength*2);
sb = sb.Append(ToHexString(buf, (short) iLength));
int discarded = 0;
byte[] bReturn = GetBytes(sb.ToString(), out discarded);
if (discarded > 0)
{
throw new Exception("byte数组截取有数据丢失！");
}
return bReturn;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hexString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] HexToByte(string hexString)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(hexString))
{
hexString = "00";
}
byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length/2];
for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i*2, 2), 16);
return returnBytes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 日期转BCD数组
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dateTime"></param>
/// <param name="type">4 6 7</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] DateTimeToBCD(DateTime dateTime, ushort type)
{
string strServerTime = string.Format("{0:yyyyMMddHHmmss}", dateTime);
byte[] bcd = new byte[type];
if (type == 4)
{
bcd[0] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(0, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[1] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(2, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[2] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(4, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[3] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(6, 2))).ToString("D2"));
}
if (type == 6)
{
bcd[0] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(2, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[1] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(4, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[2] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(6, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[3] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(8, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[4] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(10, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[5] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(12, 2))).ToString("D2"));
}
if (type == 7)
{
bcd[0] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(0, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[1] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(2, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[2] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(4, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[3] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(6, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[4] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(8, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[5] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(10, 2))).ToString("D2"));
bcd[5] = byte.Parse(DecToBcd(uint.Parse(strServerTime.Substring(12, 2))).ToString("D2"));
}
return bcd;
}
/// <summary>
/// BCD时间转日期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bcdTime"></param>
/// <param name="type"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DateTime BCDToDateTime(byte[] bcdTime, ushort type)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (type == 4) //4位BCD码的日期
{
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[0]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[1]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[2]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[3]).ToString("D2") + " ");
}
if (type == 6) //6位BCD码的时间
{
sb.Append(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy").Substring(0, 2));
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[0]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[1]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[2]).ToString("D2") + " ");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[3]).ToString("D2") + ":");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[4]).ToString("D2") + ":");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[5]));
}
if (type == 7) //7位BCD码的日期
{
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[0]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[1]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[2]).ToString("D2"));
sb.Append('-' + BcdToDec(bcdTime[3]).ToString("D2") + " ");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[4]).ToString("D2") + ":");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[5]).ToString("D2") + ":");
sb.Append(BcdToDec(bcdTime[6]));
}
DateTime dt;
//2011-3-26 当日期出错时的处理
DateTime.TryParse(sb.ToString(), out dt);
return dt;
}
}
}
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